1. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
2. The teacher returned our written work to …
2. The teacher returned our written work to us.
3. She had finished her report by soon.
4. The mad dog bit the little boy.
5. The police have arrested five suspects.
6. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest.
7 lightening struck the house.
8. A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station.
9. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
10. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
11. Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
12. This is the second time they have written to us about this.
13. Mr. Smith has taught us French for two year.
14. They didn’t look after the children properly.
15. Nobody swept this street last week.
16. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
17. People speak English all over the world.
18. Tom was writing two poems.
19. She often takes her dog for a walk.
20. They can’t make tea with cold water.
21. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
22. Somebody has taken some of my book away.
23. They will hold the meeting before the May Day.
24. They have to repair the engine of the car.
25. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
26. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
27. They may use this room for the classroom.
28. The teacher is going to tell a story.
29. Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
30. The children looked at the women with a red hat.
31. She used to pull my hat over my eyes.
32. For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand.
33. A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week.
34. The police haven’t found the murderer yet.
35. They sold one of her paintings at $1,000.
36. I will put your gloves back in the drawer.
37. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
38You mustn’t use the machine after 5.30 p.m.
39. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name.
40. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
41. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
42. They told the new pupil where to sit.
43. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
44. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
45. No one believes this story.
46. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
47. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.
48. A man I know told me about it.
49. We can never find him at home for he is always on the move.
50. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
Trước khi vào giải chi tiết, chúng ta hãy cùng ôn lại kiến thức cốt lõi nhé!
I. LÝ THUYẾT CƠ BẢN VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1. Câu bị động là gì?
Là câu được dùng khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động hoặc đối tượng bị tác động bởi hành động, thay vì người hay vật thực hiện hành động đó.
2. Công thức chuyển đổi chung:
- Câu chủ động (Active): S + V + O
- Câu bị động (Passive): O + be + V3/V-ed + (by + S)
3. Các bước chuyển đổi:
- Bước 1: Xác định Tân ngữ (Object – O) trong câu chủ động và chuyển nó lên làm Chủ ngữ (Subject – S) trong câu bị động.
- Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) của động từ (Verb – V) trong câu chủ động. Chia động từ “BE” theo đúng thì đó và chủ ngữ mới.
- Bước 3: Chuyển động từ chính (V) về dạng quá khứ phân từ (V3/V-ed).
- Bước 4: Chuyển chủ ngữ (S) trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ trong câu bị động, đặt sau giới từ “by”.
Lưu ý quan trọng: Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là các đại từ không xác định, mang tính chung chung như people, they, someone, somebody, everyone, no one, nobody… thì ta thường bỏ phần “(by + S)” trong câu bị động.
Bây giờ, chúng ta hãy áp dụng vào từng câu nhé!
II. BÀI GIẢI CHI TIẾT
1. Phân tích: S (Somebody) + V (has taken – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (my briefcase).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “my briefcase” lên làm S. Động từ “has taken” chuyển thành “has been taken”. Bỏ “by somebody”.
Đáp án: My briefcase has been taken.
2. Phân tích: S (The teacher) + V (returned – Quá khứ đơn) + O1 (our written work) + O2 (us). Câu này có 2 tân ngữ, chúng ta có thể viết 2 câu bị động.
Áp dụng:
- Cách 1 (lấy O1 làm chủ ngữ): Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.
- Cách 2 (lấy O2 làm chủ ngữ): We were returned our written work by the teacher. (Cách 1 phổ biến và tự nhiên hơn).
Đáp án: Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.
3. Phân tích: S (She) + V (had finished – Quá khứ hoàn thành) + O (her report). “by soon” là trạng từ chỉ thời gian.
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “her report” lên làm S. Động từ “had finished” chuyển thành “had been finished”.
Đáp án: Her report had been finished by her by soon.
4. Phân tích: S (The mad dog) + V (bit – Quá khứ đơn) + O (the little boy).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “the little boy” lên làm S. Động từ “bit” chuyển thành “was bitten”.
Đáp án: The little boy was bitten by the mad dog.
5. Phân tích: S (The police) + V (have arrested – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (five suspects).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “five suspects” lên làm S. Động từ “have arrested” chuyển thành “have been arrested”.
Đáp án: Five suspects have been arrested by the police.
6. Phân tích: S (The doctor) + V (ordered – Quá khứ đơn) + O (him) + to take a long rest.
Áp dụng: Đây là dạng bị động với động từ theo sau là “to V-inf”. Ta chỉ bị động vế đầu.
Đáp án: He was ordered to take a long rest by the doctor.
7. Phân tích: S (lightning) + V (struck – Quá khứ đơn) + O (the house).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “the house” lên làm S. Động từ “struck” chuyển thành “was struck”.
Đáp án: The house was struck by lightning.
8. Phân tích: S (A group of students) + V (have met – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (their friends).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “their friends” lên làm S. Động từ “have met” chuyển thành “have been met”.
Đáp án: Their friends have been met by a group of students at the railway station.
9. Phân tích: Câu phủ định. S (They) + V (didn’t allow – Quá khứ đơn) + O (Tom).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “Tom” lên làm S. “didn’t allow” chuyển thành “wasn’t allowed”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.
10. Phân tích: Câu phủ định. S (The teacher) + V (won’t correct – Tương lai đơn) + O (exercises).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “exercises” lên làm S. “won’t correct” chuyển thành “won’t be corrected”.
Đáp án: Exercises won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow.
11. Phân tích: S (Marry) + V (has operated – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (Tom).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “Tom” lên làm S. “has operated” chuyển thành “has been operated”.
Đáp án: Tom has been operated by Marry since 10 o’clock.
12. Phân tích: Cấu trúc “This is the second time…”. Ta chỉ chuyển vế sau. S (they) + V (have written – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (us).
Áp dụng: Giữ nguyên phần đầu. Vế sau: “we have been written to”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: This is the second time we have been written to about this.
13. Phân tích: S (Mr. Smith) + V (has taught – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (us) + (French).
Áp dụng: Chuyển O “us” thành “We”. “has taught” thành “have been taught”.
Đáp án: We have been taught French by Mr. Smith for two years.
14. Phân tích: Câu phủ định. S (They) + V (didn’t look after – Quá khứ đơn) + O (the children). “look after” là cụm động từ.
Áp dụng: “didn’t look after” chuyển thành “weren’t looked after”. Phải giữ lại giới từ “after”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: The children weren’t looked after properly.
15. Phân tích: S (Nobody) – mang nghĩa phủ định. V (swept – Quá khứ đơn) + O (this street).
Áp dụng: Vì S là “Nobody” nên câu bị động phải ở thể phủ định. “swept” -> “wasn’t swept”.
Đáp án: This street wasn’t swept last week.
16. Phân tích: S (People) + V (drink – Hiện tại đơn) + O (a great deal of tea).
Áp dụng: “drink” -> “is drunk”. Bỏ “by people”.
Đáp án: A great deal of tea is drunk in England.
17. Phân tích: S (People) + V (speak – Hiện tại đơn) + O (English).
Áp dụng: “speak” -> “is spoken”. Bỏ “by people”.
Đáp án: English is spoken all over the world.
18. Phân tích: S (Tom) + V (was writing – Quá khứ tiếp diễn) + O (two poems).
Áp dụng: “was writing” -> “were being written” (vì “two poems” là số nhiều).
Đáp án: Two poems were being written by Tom.
19. Phân tích: S (She) + V (takes – Hiện tại đơn) + O (her dog).
Áp dụng: “takes” -> “is taken”.
Đáp án: Her dog is often taken for a walk by her.
20. Phân tích: S (They) + V (can’t make – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (tea).
Áp dụng: Công thức với modal verb: modal verb + be + V3. “can’t make” -> “can’t be made”.
Đáp án: Tea can’t be made with cold water.
21. Phân tích: S (The chief engineer) + V (was instructing – Quá khứ tiếp diễn) + O (all the workers of the plan).
Áp dụng: “was instructing” -> “were being instructed”.
Đáp án: All the workers of the plan were being instructed by the chief engineer.
22. Phân tích: S (Somebody) + V (has taken away – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (some of my books). “take away” là cụm động từ.
Áp dụng: “has taken away” -> “have been taken away”. Bỏ “by somebody”.
Đáp án: Some of my books have been taken away.
23. Phân tích: S (They) + V (will hold – Tương lai đơn) + O (the meeting).
Áp dụng: “will hold” -> “will be held”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: The meeting will be held before the May Day.
24. Phân tích: S (They) + V (have to repair – dạng “have to”) + O (the engine of the car).
Áp dụng: “have to repair” -> “has to be repaired”.
Đáp án: The engine of the car has to be repaired.
25. Phân tích: Hai hành động nối với nhau bằng “and”. S (The boys) + V1 (broke) + O1 (the window) and V2 (took away) + O2 (some pictures).
Áp dụng: Chuyển cả hai vế sang bị động.
Đáp án: The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys.
26. Phân tích: S (People) + V (spend – Hiện tại đơn) + O (a lot of money).
Áp dụng: “spend” -> “is spent”. Bỏ “by people”.
Đáp án: A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday.
27. Phân tích: S (They) + V (may use – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (this room).
Áp dụng: “may use” -> “may be used”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: This room may be used for the classroom.
28. Phân tích: S (The teacher) + V (is going to tell – Tương lai gần) + O (a story).
Áp dụng: “is going to tell” -> “is going to be told”.
Đáp án: A story is going to be told by the teacher.
29. Phân tích: S (Marry) + V (is cutting – Hiện tại tiếp diễn) + O (the cake).
Áp dụng: “is cutting” -> “is being cut”.
Đáp án: The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Marry.
30. Phân tích: S (The children) + V (looked at – Quá khứ đơn) + O (the women with a red hat). “look at” là cụm động từ.
Áp dụng: “looked at” -> “was looked at”.
Đáp án: The women with a red hat was looked at by the children.
31. Phân tích: S (She) + V (used to pull – cấu trúc “used to”) + O (my hat).
Áp dụng: “used to pull” -> “used to be pulled”.
Đáp án: My hat used to be pulled over my eyes by her.
32. Phân tích: S (I) + V (have done – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (all my washing).
Áp dụng: “have done” -> “has been done”.
Đáp án: For the past years, all my washing has been done by hand by me. (Có thể bỏ “by me”).
33. Phân tích: S (A pair of Robins) + V (has built – Hiện tại hoàn thành) + O (a nest).
Áp dụng: “has built” -> “has been built”.
Đáp án: A nest has been built in the porch by a pair of Robins since last week.
34. Phân tích: S (The police) + V (haven’t found – Hiện tại hoàn thành phủ định) + O (the murderer).
Áp dụng: “haven’t found” -> “hasn’t been found”.
Đáp án: The murderer hasn’t been found yet by the police.
35. Phân tích: S (They) + V (sold – Quá khứ đơn) + O (one of her paintings).
Áp dụng: “sold” -> “was sold”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: One of her paintings was sold at $1,000.
36. Phân tích: S (I) + V (will put – Tương lai đơn) + O (your gloves).
Áp dụng: “will put” -> “will be put”.
Đáp án: Your gloves will be put back in the drawer by me.
37. Phân tích: S (People) + V (speak – Hiện tại đơn) + O (English).
Áp dụng: “speak” -> “is spoken”. Bỏ “by people”.
Đáp án: English is spoken in almost every corner of the world.
38. Phân tích: S (You) + V (mustn’t use – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (the machine).
Áp dụng: “mustn’t use” -> “mustn’t be used”.
Đáp án: The machine mustn’t be used after 5.30 p.m.
39. Phân tích: S (they) + V (didn’t call – Quá khứ đơn) + O (my name).
Áp dụng: “didn’t call” -> “wasn’t called”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: Luckily for me, my name wasn’t called.
40. Phân tích: S (one of the students) + V (erases – Hiện tại đơn) + O (the chalk board).
Áp dụng: “erases” -> “is erased”.
Đáp án: After class, the chalk board is always erased by one of the students.
41. Phân tích: Hai vế nối bằng “before”. Vế 1: S (You) + V (must clean) + O (the wall). Vế 2: S (you) + V (paint) + O (it).
Áp dụng: Chỉ cần chuyển vế chính (vế đầu) sang bị động.
Đáp án: The wall must be cleaned before you paint it.
42. Phân tích: S (They) + V (told – Quá khứ đơn) + O (the new pupil).
Áp dụng: “told” -> “was told”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: The new pupil was told where to sit.
43. Phân tích: Câu có 2 mệnh đề. Ta chuyển mệnh đề sau “that”. S (they) + V (had told – QKHT) + O (him).
Áp dụng: “had told” -> “had been told”.
Đáp án: I knew that he had been told of the meeting.
44. Phân tích: S (Nobody) + V (has ever treated – HTHT) + O (me).
Áp dụng: “Nobody … ever” chuyển thành “not … ever” (never). “has ever treated” -> “have never been treated”.
Đáp án: I have never been treated with such kindness.
45. Phân tích: S (No one) + V (believes – Hiện tại đơn) + O (this story).
Áp dụng: Vì S là “No one” nên câu bị động phải ở thể phủ định. “believes” -> “is not believed” (isn’t believed).
Đáp án: This story is not believed.
46. Phân tích: S (A sudden increase in water pressure) + V (may break – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (the dam).
Áp dụng: “may break” -> “may be broken”.
Đáp án: The dam may be broken by a sudden increase in water pressure.
47. Phân tích: S (We) + V (must take good care of – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (books borrowed from the library).
Áp dụng: “must take good care of” -> “must be taken good care of”. Bỏ “by us”.
Đáp án: Books borrowed from the library must be taken good care of.
48. Phân tích: S (A man I know) + V (told – Quá khứ đơn) + O (me).
Áp dụng: “told” -> “was told”.
Đáp án: I was told about it by a man I know.
49. Phân tích: S (We) + V (can never find – Động từ khuyết thiếu) + O (him).
Áp dụng: “can never find” -> “can never be found”. Bỏ “by us”.
Đáp án: He can never be found at home for he is always on the move.
50. Phân tích: S (They) + V (use – Hiện tại đơn) + O (milk).
Áp dụng: “use” -> “is used”. Bỏ “by them”.
Đáp án: Milk is used for making butter and cheese.
Cô hy vọng với phần giải thích chi tiết từng bước này, các em đã hiểu rõ hơn về cách sử dụng câu bị động. Đây là một điểm ngữ pháp rất quan trọng không chỉ trong bài kiểm tra mà còn trong giao tiếp hàng ngày. Hãy luyện tập thường xuyên nhé! Chúc các em học tốt
1/ My briefcase has been taken.
2/ Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.
3/ The report has been finished by noon.
4/ The little boy was bitten by the mad dog.
5/ Five suspects have been arrested by the police.
6/ He was ordered to take a long rest by the doctor.
7/ The house was struck by lightning.
8/ Their friend have been met at the raiway station by A group of students
9/ Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.
10/ Exercises won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow.
11/ Tom has been operated by Mary since 10 o’clock
12/ This is the second time this has been written to us.
13/ We have been taught by Mr Smith for 2 years
14/ The children weren’r looked after properly
15/ This street wasn’t swept last week
16/ A great deal of tea is drunk in england
17/ English is spoken all over the worldd.
18/ Two poems were being written by tom.
19/ Her dog is often taken for a walk.
20/ Tea with cold water can’t be made
21/ All the workers of the plan are being instructed
22/ Some of my books have been taken away.
23/ The meeting will be held before may day
24/ The engine of the car have to be repaired.
25/ The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys.
26/ A lot of money on advertising is spent everyday.
27/ This room may be used for the classroom
28/ A story is going to be told by the teacher.
29/ The cake is being cut by mary with a sharp knife.
30/ The woman with a red hat was looked bu the children.
31/ My hat used to be pulled over my eyes.
32/ For the past years, all my washing has been done by hand.
33/ A nest in the porch has been built by A pair of robins since last week.
34/ The murderer hasn’t been found by the police yet.
35 One of her owns paiting was sold at $ 1,000.
36/ Your gloves will be put back in your drawer.
37/ English is spoken in almost every corner of the world.
38/ This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m .
39/ Luckily for me, my name wasn’t called
40/ After class, the chalk board is always eased by one of the students
41/ The wall must be cleaned before you paint
42/ The new pupil was told where to sit.
43/ I know that he had been told …
44/ I have never treated with such kindness.
45/ His story isn’t believed by anyone
46/ The dam may be broken by A sudden increase in water pressure
47/ Books borrowed from the library must be taken good care of
48/ I was told about it by a man who i know.
49/ He can never be found at home for he is always on the move.
50/ They use milk for making butter and cheese.
1. My briefcase has been taken.
2. Our written work was returned to us by the teacher.
3. The report has been finished by noon.
4. The little boy was bitten by the mad dog.
5. Five suspects have been arrested by the police.
6. He was ordered to take a long rest by the doctor.
7. The house was struck by lightning.
8. Their friend have been met at the raiway station by A group of students.
9. Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home.
10. Exercises won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow.
11. Tom has been operated by Mary since 10 o’clock.
12. This is the second time this has been written to us.
13. We have been taught by Mr Smith for 2 years.
14. The children weren’r looked after properly.
15. This street wasn’t swept last week.
16. A great deal of tea is drunk in england.
17. English is spoken all over the worldd.
18. Two poems were being written by tom.
19. Her dog is often taken for a walk.
20. Tea with cold water can’t be made.
21. All the workers of the plan are being instructed.
22. Some of my books have been taken away.
23. The meeting will be held before may day.
24. The engine of the car have to be repaired.
25. The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys.
26. A lot of money on advertising is spent everyday.
27. This room may be used for the classroom.
28. A story is going to be told by the teacher.
29. The cake is being cut by mary with a sharp knife.
30. The woman with a red hat was looked bu the children.
31. My hat used to be pulled over my eyes.
32. For the past years, all my washing has been done by hand.
33. A nest in the porch has been built by A pair of robins since last week.
34. The murderer hasn’t been found by the police yet.
35. One of her owns paiting was sold at $ 1,000.
36. Your gloves will be put back in your drawer.
37. English is spoken in almost every corner of the world.
38. This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m .
39. Luckily for me, my name wasn’t called.
40. After class, the chalk board is always eased by one of the students
41. The wall must be cleaned before you paint.
42. The new pupil was told where to sit.
43. I know that he had been told
44. I have never treated with such kindness.
45. His story isn’t believed by anyone.
46. The dam may be broken by A sudden increase in water pressure
47. Books borrowed from the library must be taken good care of
48. I was told about it by a man who i know.
49. He can never be found at home for he is always on the move.
50. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
* 30 câu đầu ở hoidap247.com/cau-hoi/1068608